Network topology , Node-pair and loop analysis of networks containing independent and dependent sources , Sinusoidal steady state analysis of single-phase and 3-phase circuits ,Resonance , Symmetrical components , Magnetically coupled circuits. Fourier series and transform , Laplace transform ,Analysis of RLC , networks using Laplace transform ,network functions for one-port and two-port networks ,Impulse response and superposition integral ,Network theorems ,State variables ,Formulation of state equations of RLC-networks and solutions , Discrete systems.

Reference books:
Hayt & Kemmerly, Engineering Circuit Analysis, McGraw Hill.
V.K. Aatre, Network theory and Filter Design, Wiley Eastern.
M.E. Van Valkenburg, Network Analysis, Prentice Hall India.

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Diode and its applications. Basic FET and Bipolar Transistor amplifier circuits and parameters of amplifiers. Operational amplifier and its applications. Negative feedback and frequency compensation. Positive feedback and oscillators. Filters, AGC, AVC and amplitude stabilization of oscillators. Voltage regulators and power amplifiers, modulators, demodulators and mixers.

Reference books:
U. Tietze and Ch. Schenk, “Electronics circuits design & application”, Narosa Publishers, 1992.

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Combinational circuits: Karnaugh maps; Design of single and multiple output circuits using gates, MSI Ics, ROMs and PLAs.
Sequential circuits: Analysis and design of synchronous circuits; Analysis of asynchronous circuits.
Design of practical digital systems using state diagram/ASM chart techniques.

Reference books:
C. H. Roth, Fundamentals of Logic Design, Third Ed., West Publishing co., 1985.
M. M. Mano, Digital Logic and Computer Design, Prentice-Hall India.

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Transformers:
Theory - Ideal transformer - Construction of transformers - Equivalent circuit- Phasor diagram - Regulation. - Losses, Efficiency - Parallel operation -Three winding transformer - Polyphase connections - Scott connected transformer - Auto transformer - Transformer windings - Tap-changing and voltage control

DC Machines:
Construction of DC machines - lap and wave windings - EMF equation - Torque equation. - Excitation - Commutation - Armature reaction - Equivalent circuit - Self excitation of generators - Characteristics of DC generators. Parallel operation of generators - DC motor operation and characteristics. Parallel operation of motors - Losses in DC machines, Efficiency - Starting, speed control & braking of DC.motors.

Induction Machines:
Construction of induction machines - Armature windings - emf equation - MMF of poly phase windings, rotating magnetic field. - IM action, Generalized transformer - Equivalent circuit, Performance calculation. - Testing, losses, efficiency - Torque, Power, and Power factor - Starting, speed control and braking - Single phase induction motor - Armature reaction in induction motors. - Equivalent cage rotor - Induction generators, line excited, self excited - Cascade connection, Induction frequency converter - Harmonics and their effects - High torque cage machines.

Synchronous Machines:
Equivalent circuit - Generator load characteristic - Regulation by emf method. Regulation of alternators by MMF and Potier methods - Parallel operation of alternators. Generators on infinite bus bars, Capability chart of alternators. Electrical load diagram. Determination of xd, xq of salient pole machines - Mechanical load diagram, O & V curves - Regulation of salient pole alternators -Three phase and single phase short circuit on alternators - Starting of synchronous motors. Synchronous condensers.

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Semiconductor Devices in switched mode - Diode, SCR, BJT, IGBT, MOSFET - drivers, protection, thermal aspects - ratings

Figures of merit - ripple factor, average value, Harmonic factor, Distortion factor, THD, Power factor, Crest factor

Power in switching circuits -

2-pulse Midpoint converter - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load, R-L load - implications of commutation overlap - use in DC drives.

3-pulse converter - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load, R-L load - implications of commutation overlap - use in DC drives.

Bridge converters - three phase and single phase - analysis for R load, infinite inductive load, R-L load - implications of commutation overlap - use in DC drives.

Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost and Cuk Converters - circuit steady state analysis - current and voltage ripple estimation - discontinuous and continuous modes of operation. Use of SCR in buck converters - commutation circuit.

Inverters - 120 deg. and 180 deg. conduction operation - selective harmonic elimination - McMurray inverter - SPWM, unipolar and bipolar switching

Single phase AC Voltage Controller - analysis and operation
Snubbers - turn on, turn off, snubbers - RCD snubber

Reference books:
Power Electronics by Vedam Subrahmanyam
Power Electronics by Ned Mohan et al.

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Modeling of transmission lines, synchronous machines and transformers, one-line diagram ,per unit (p.u) computation; Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical fault analysis; Power System Protection ; Design of relays; Zone of protection; primary and backup protection; protection of transmission lines and transformers.

Bus admittance and impedance matrices; node elimination by matrix methods.

Load flow Solution- Gauss-Siedel Method, Newton Raphson method, decoupled and fast decoupled methods.

Economic Load Dispatch (without line losses taken into consideration).

Power System Stability -Swing equation, single generator infinite bus model, and equal area criterion.

Reference books:
Grainger , J. J. and and Stevenson, W. D. “Power Systems Analysis”, McGraw-Hill, (1994).
Saadat, H. “Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill, (1999).

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Importance of High Voltages and HV tests; general requirements of HV testing ,testing of internal and external insulation systems. Generation of High alternating, direct and impulse voltages; measurements of alternating direct and impulse voltages and dielectric loss.

Insulating materials: solids, liquids and gases; their electrical properties and applications; breakdown mechanisms in solid, liquid and gaseous dielectric; measurement of Radio interference Voltage (RIV) and partial discharges; generation and Measurement of impulse currents.

Reference books:
Naidu, M.S. and Kamaraju, V. “High Voltage Engineering”, Tata Mc. Graw Hill, New Delhi, 3rd Edition, (2004).
Kuffel, E. and Abdullah M., “High Voltage Engineering”, Permagon Press, Oxford (1970).

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Review of Fourier Techniques: Fourier transform properties, spectral density, Hilbert transforms, bandpass signals and complex envelopes,

Probability Theory: Random variables, distribution and density functions, expected values, transformations

Random Processes: Specification of a random process, stationarity, ensemble averages, correlation functions, power spectra, filtering of random signals, Gaussian processes, noise, matched filtering

Basic Digital Communication: Vector space representation of digitally modulated signals, optimal receiver for additive white Gaussian noise, performance of binary and M-ary modulation schemes- PSK and QAM, power spectra of linearly modulated signals.

Reference books:
Simon Haykin, “Communication Systems 4/e”, John Wiley, 2001.

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Vector fields. Divergence and Stokes theorems. Overview of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics.

Poisson's Equation: Derivation, applications, existence and uniqueness. Dielectrics, Displacement vector. Capacitance matrix, Energy in the field.

Ampere's Law: B Field calculations. Vector potential. The magnetic dipole. Magnetization of materials.

Faraday's Law: Induced emf in stationary and moving coils. Inductance. Inductance matrix. Energy in the magnetic field.

Maxwell's Equation: The wave equation. Poynting theorem. Poynting theorem for phasors.

Transmission Lines: The high-frequency circuit. LCR ladder model. The transmission line equation. Solution for loss-less lines. Wave velocity and wave impedence. Reflection and Transmission coefficients at junctions. VSWR.

Plane Waves: Solution of the wave equation in vacuum. Wave velocity and impedence. Normal and Oblique incidence at interfaces. Penetration into conducting surfaces ,skin effect. Reflection off dielectric layers.

Introduction to waveguides: Guided waves. Modes and their cutoffs. The TEM wave and the transmission line limit.

Antennas: The half-wave dipole antenna. Radiation patterns. Antenna gain and directivity.

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Open-loop and Closed-loop systems; Servomechanisms and regulator problems ; Transfer function; Block diagram algebra ; Signal flow graphs; Mathematical Models for Physical Systems : Mechanical translational and rotational systems; Gear trains; dc generator and motors; Transportation lag systems; Analogs: Components like potentiometers as error sensing devices; Synchros; as servomotor; tachometers; Concept of stability; necessary and sufficient conditions for stability; Routh-Hurwitz criterion; Transient Response; Typical inputs; Time-domain specifications; Steady state errors; error series; system error and Non-unity feedback systems; Frequency response; Bode plots: both semilog coordinates and, log-log coordinates; Frequency domain specifications: Gain Margin and phase Margin; Nyquist stability criterion; M and N circles; Nichols chart; Root locus and Root Contours;

State-variable representation of systems; Phase variables: Solution of state equations, controllability and observability.

Reference books:

K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 1982.
B. C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 5th edition, 1987
I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, 1982
D'Azzo and Houpis, Feedback Control Systems, Analysis and Synthesis , 1988

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Analog indicating instruments; Q-meter; Hall effect instruments; rms, average and peak reading electronic instruments; Galvanometers; CRO and its applications; Errors in measurement, Systematic and Random errors, error analysis; DC and AC potentiometers, DC and AC bridges; Interference and noise: Screening and earthing: Instrument transformers; Digital instruments; Counters, A/D and D/A converters; Active and passive transducers; Instrumentation system for non electrical quantities, Thermo couples, Piezo electric type transducers.

Reference books:
Frank, Electrical measurement analysis, McGraw Hill
Doeblin, Measurement systems analysis, McGraw Hill

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Discrete Time Signals and Systems; Linear time invariant systems, stability, causality; Convolution; Discrete time Fourier Transform and properties.

Z-Transform; Properties and ROC, inverse transform

Sampling; bandlimited continuous time signals, frequency domain representation of sampling, reconstruction, interpolation and decimation

Transform Analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response, Magnitude and phase responses, All-pass, minimum phase, generalized linear phase systems.

Structures for LTI systems; signal flow graph representation. IIR and FIR structures and different forms.

DFT: Properties, Fourier Transform of Periodic Sequences, Finite Duration Sequences, Circular and linear Convolution, FFT

Reference books:
Discrete Time Signal Processing by Oppenheim and Schafer, 2nd ed.

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Energy band diagram, Fermi level. Carrier concentration under thermal equilibrium, and their temperature dependence. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Semiconductors. Carrier Transport, Drift, Diffusion, Excess carriers, Recombination, continuity equation, Poission's equation. p-n junction, current-voltage, small signal capacitance, switching. BJT, carrier profile, dc and ac characteristics. Schottky diodes, ohmic contact. MOS capacitor C-V characteristics, MOSFET threshold voltage and I-V characteristics Basic bipolar and MOSFET process step technology.

Reference books:
S.M. Sze : Physics and Technology of SC devices, 1985.
B.G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, 1993.
A.S. Grove, Physics & Technology of Semiconductor Devices.
N. DasGupta & A.DasGupta, Semiconductor Devices Modelling & Technology, 2004.

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Basic structure of computers. Measuring and reporting performance: notions such as total execution time, weighted execution time and normalized execution time. Amdahl's law. Notions such as MIPS and Mflop/s. SPEC benchmarks. Notions of instruction formats and instruction sets. RISC VS CISC. Datapath design and arithmetic for computers: Number formats such as fixed, floating point and block floating point; IEEE-754 standard for floating point representation. Algorithms for basic operations including Booth's multiplication, CSA, Baugh Wooley multiplication, restoring and non-restoring division algorithms, basics of CORDIC, high speed adders ( CARRY SKIP, CARRY SELECT, PREFIX ADDERS). Control: hardwired and microprogrammed. RTL, Control sequence for different instructions, multi-bus organization. Memory system and hierarchy: basics of cache memory including cache hit, miss and cache miss penalty, cache organizations such as direct mapped, set associative and fully associative. Fetch and main memory update policies. Main and virtual memory (PAGING, SEGMENTATION, TLB), Cache coherence protocols. Interfacing computers to peripheral devices. Basics of DMA. Pipelining: basics, State diagram based design, notions of hazards(structural, data and control hazards), instruction scheduling, branch prediction Parallel processing: Basics of Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) and Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD) computers, interconnection networks, shared and distributed memory architectures VLIW and superscalar processors, out-of-order instruction issue, speculative execution, Vector processors.

Reference books:
D.A. Patterson and J. Hennessy, Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Fourth Edition, Elsevier, 2009.
V. Heuring, H.F. Jordan and T.G. Venkatesh, Computer Systems Design and Architecture, Second Edition, Pearson, 2008.
C. Hamacher, Z. Vranesic and S. Zaky, Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
J.P. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
J.P. Shen and M. Lipasti, Modern Processor Design: Fundamentals of Superscalar Processors, McGraw-Hill, 2002.

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